Steam-pump



(No Model.) 6 Sheets-'Sheet 1.

E. C'. JOHNSON.

STEAM PUMP.

No. 406,098. Patented July 2, 1889.

(No Model.) 6sheets-sheen 2. E. 0.1J0HNS0N.

STEAM PUMP.

N0. 406,098. PatentedJuly 2, 1889.

' -(No Model.) 6 sheets-sheet 3.

' E. C. JOHNSON.

ASTEAM PUMP. No. 406,098. Patented July 2, y1889.

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(No Modeln 6 sheets-sheet 4. E. C. JOHNSON.

STEAM PUMP.

No. 406,098. Patented July 2, 1889.

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. E. C. JOHNSON.

STEAM PUMP.

N0. 406,098. Patented July 2, 1889.

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(No Model.) 6 Sheets-Sheet 6. E. G. JOHNSON.

STEAM PUMP.. l No. 406,098. Patented July 2, 1889.

"//f/ HV UNITED STATES] PATENT Ormea.

ED'l/V ARD ORAlVFOR-D JOHNSON, OF MACON, GEORGIA.

STEAM-PUMP.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N o. 406,098, dated July 2, 1889.

` Application filed August 31, 1887. Serial No. 248,396. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDWARD CRAWFORD JOHNSON, a citizen of the United States, residing at Macon, in the county of Bibb and the State of Georgia., have invented a new and n useful Improvementin Steam-Pumps,of which the following` is a description.

My invention relates to steam-pumps; and its object is, by its simplicity of construction, to greatly reduce the cost of manufactu re and repairs, do away with the necessity of a skilled mechanic to operate and repair the same, and by'its construction to cause the wear of the different parts to be uniform and self-adj usting, and, finally, to produce a powerful and effective pump. These objects are attained by the construction illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure l is a vertical central section of the machine with the parts separated and the reservoir removed. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the cylinder. Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the same. Fig. 4 is a bottom plan view of the double piston. Fig. 5 is a side elevation of the same; Fig. G, a bottom plan view of the machine with the reservoir removed; Fig. 7, a `plan of the cylinder, showing the double piston in section and in its working position; Fig. 8, a section of the reservoirg Fig. 9,a top plan View of the same. Fig. l is a section of a piston formed in one piece.

The arrows in Fig. 7 indicate the direction the steam and water take when the pump is inoperation.

Similar letters and figures refer to similar parts throughout the views.

My pump is made up of four principal parts-a cover A, double piston B B, cylinder O, and a reservoir D. The construction of each in the order named and the operation of the machine as a whole are set forth in the following description. The different parts are made of metal, preferably by casting in molds and finished by hand.

The cover A (shown in section in Fig. l) is made in one piece, of circular shape, with ribs on its upper surface 'to stiffen t-he same, and is provided with a stuffing-box, in which suitable packing is confined by agland to prevent strain-leakage. Through the top of the cover is sleeved a starting-lever 6, having jection or wrist-pin 8, formed eccentric thereto, for a purpose hereinafter explained. The inner surface of the cover is recessed to re- -ceive the base of the lever, and is also recessed to receive the top of the double piston. The outer edge of the cover has a circular flange l, projecting downwardly at right angles thereto and deep enough to clear the top of the piston and allow a space between the top of the piston and inner side of the cover. This space becomes filled with steam during the operat-ion of the pump, whichlforces the piston firmly down on its seat, as hereinafter explained. The lower edge of the flange is finished true and makes a steam-tight joint on the flange of cylinder.

The double piston consists of a steam-piston B and a water-piston B', which are preferably made separable, though this is not essential, as the two could be formed in one piece, as shown in Fig. l0.l

The steam-piston B is circular in form, with a recess 3 on its under surface to receive the top of the water-piston B. Projecting downwardly therefrom is an annular flange 2, placed at a point within the outer edge of the top and extending approximately the same distance as theinside depth of the cylinder. At a point in the circumference of this flange is a vertical slot 10, of sufficient width to receive t-he steam-partition 13 of the'steam-chamber when the parts are placed in their operative position, and to allow a slight movement between said parts and extending through the whole depth of.said flange. Ports or openings b c for the ingress and egress of the steam to the inside of the steam-piston are kprovided on the flange 2 of the steam-piston,

one on each side of the slot l0, as shown in Figs. and 7. Communicating with the ingress-port b is a small perforation b2, extending up through the flange 2 and opening on top of said piston, as shown in dotted lines in Figs. 4 and 5. The purpose of this perforation is to allow a passage for the steam to enter between the top of the piston and the cover. On the top of the steam-piston. and

in the center thereof is a socket 9 for the reception of the projection S cf the starting-lever IOO G. The purpose of this construction is 4to enable the pump to be started if from any cause it should become blocked. For example, Ait may sometimes happen that when steam is first introduced the pressure is so great as to block or bind the parts. lVhen this occurs, a single turn given to the hand-wheel of the lever will force the steam-piston, with which the lever is connected by the projection 8 and socket 9, through a portion of its movement or stroke, thus allowing the steam free ingress, after which the operation will continue without aid from the lever. The water-piston B is also circular in form, the top of which is a flat circular plate accurately fitted to the recess 3 of the steam-piston. The two pistons are so nicely fitted together that they operate as one and are practically one. The object in making them separate is to render the manufacture less difficult and expensive. Through the center of the top of the waterpiston is shown an orifice a', through which the water passes to aid in keeping the piston on its seat on the cylinder in substantially the same manner and for the same purpose as the steam ent-ers between the steam-piston and the cover, as stated above. This construction is not absolutely essential to the operation of the machine, but simply makes the action more perfect by compensating for any looseness between the parts occasioned by wear or otherwise, and relieving unnecessary friction during operation.

The water-piston B is similar in construction to the steam -piston B, though much smaller, and has extending from the lower side a circular flange 4:, which at one point of its circumference has a vertical-slot 11, of sufficient width to receive the water-partition 14. of the water-chamber 1 (3 and to allow a free movement of said piston when in action.

The proportions of the steam and water pistons are so regulated with regard to the steam and water chambers that when in operation the outer sides of the flanges of the pistons bear against the inner face of one wall of the chambers the inner sides of the -flan ges of said pistons bear against the outer face of the other wall of said chambers, as shown in Figs. 1 and 7. The distance between theflange of each piston and the outer edge of its top is sufficient to prevent the chambers from being nneovered at any part of the movement or stroke of said pistons.

The slot 10 in the flange of ,the steam-piston B is exactly in line with the slot 1l in the flange of the water-piston l. The only difference between them is that the slot 11 el the water-piston is wider te permit the free move ment of the water-piston, which movement is greater at this point than thatat the corre spending point of the steam-piston.

The cylinder C is made of one piece of metal, circular in form, and of the same depth inside as the depth of the flanges of the pistons. Around the outer edge is provided a flange 17, supported by brackets to give it stability. On the upper face of this fiange is an offset 1S, which is of the same width as the flange 1 on the cover. Screw-bolts, rivets, or other fastening means pass through the flange of the cover and the flange of, the cylinder, which, together with the offset, retain the cover in its proper position. The cylinder contains two annular chambers formed and separated by" dividing-walls. The outer and larger of these chambers is the steam-chamber 15, and the inner and smaller chamber is the water-chamber 1G. The walls or partitions forming these chambers run vertically from t-he bottom, and are circular and concentric with each other. Another offset 19 is made on the fiange of the cylinder just sufiicient in width to allow a seat for the under y side of the top of the steam-piston B and not cause unnecessary friction by having too much surface area. The steam-chamber is formed by the exteriorwall 20 and the partition 21. The water-chamber 1G is formed by the two partitions 22 and 23, which separate said water-chamber from the remaining space. It will thus be seen that there are two spaces 24 and 25 remaining-one bounded by partition 21 on one side and partition 22 on the other side, and the other bounded by partition 23. Through the bottom of space 25 is an openin g a, which communicates with the reservoir. At a point in the circumference of the steamchamber 15 a steam-partition 13 is formed,on one side of which is an orifice b for the inlet of the live steam, and on the other side lof which is another orifice c for the exit of the exhaust-steam. The water-chamber 1G is of the same form as the steam-chamber 15, and in area enough less to create the amount of water-pressure required. The two chambers are concentric, so that when .the steam-piston isin contact with one of the sides of the steamchamber the water-piston will be in contact with the corresponding side'of the water-ch amber, as shown in Figs. 1 and 7. At a point in the circumference of the water-chamber 16, and directly in line toward the center with the steam-partition 13 in the steam-chamber, is formed a water-partition 14. In the bottom of the water-chamber and extending on each side of the water-partition 14 .is formed an opening of any desired shape, but preferably such as shown in Fig. 2 of the drawings, which opening should not be less in area than a eircular opening of a diameter equal to the width of said chamber between the adjacent sides of the partitions 22 and 23, which form said chambers. This opening is divided into two parts by the water-partition 14, one of. which w provides for the ingress and the other w for the egress ot' the water into and out of the water-chamber during the operation of the pump. The space 24r between the chambers is concentric with said chambers. The opening at the top of this space is contracted by an inwardly-proj ecting fiange 29,011 such width of face as when the machine is at work the upward pressure of the water shall be suffi- IOO ISO

-cient to counteract the downward pressure of the steam on top of the steam-piston,leaving only excessof downward pressure sufficient,

vwith the weight of the steam-piston, to keep The reservoir D maybe of any size andl shape best suited to the work to be performed, and has one or more inlet and outlet ports d CZ for the fluid, either at the side or1 bottom, as may be preferred. It contains two chambers 2G and 27, separated bya partition 2S, and of sufficient size to allow the free ingress and egress of the fluid, pumped. It is fastened securely to the bottom of the cylinder, so as to make a tight join't. To the inlet-port d and the outlet-port d of the reservoir may be secured, in any desired manner,

the proper connections with the water 4to be pumped andthe means by which it is carried off tails of construction herein set forth. Forinstance, a special cover such as herein shown and described is nnot essential.

substituted without departing' from my invention.

The operation of my invention is as follows:

Steam being turned on from the boiler enters l through orifices b b', and fills steam-chamber -15 from the steam-orifice b to the points of cylinder and piston being circular, the pistony is compelled to make a forward circular movement in the direction of exhaust-port C,whicl1 is more clearly shown by reference to Fig. 7. Fig. '7 represents the pistons in first quarterstrok when the steam is operating on the inner face of the piston from G to E', and to a slight'extent on the outer face of the piston from the steam-inlet to E, owing to the difference in area-of the outer and inner faces of the piston between those points. The steam in chamber l5 between the points G and E is in the shape of a wedge, and its tendency by expansion or by direct pressure would be t0 separate or force the piston away from the inner face of the cylinder, compelling it to move in the direction of and toward the outside face of the cylinder. The moving parts being circular in a circular cylinder7 the piston must take a circular movement always toward the exhaust-outlet, moving the lines of contact E and E farther along toward the ex- Any cover- .ing which will inclose the pistons and keepy them on their seat in the cylinder and which will prevent the escape of the steam may be haust-port as the. motion is continued, until the line of contactE would be at H and the line of contact l would be at I, completing second quarter-stroke- The live steam would then be cut off from entering the inner part of the piston, and would fill the outer partbetween the piston and the outer face of the cylinder, forming a wedge extending from the live-steam port to the point of contact at H, and would force the piston in the direction of K and toward the exhaust-portk and move the point of contact E from H vto K and the point of contact E to L, completing third quarter-stroke. The motion still being continued wouldmove the line of contact E from K to the exhaust-port and the line E to M, completing the fourth quarter-stroke. The steam being` cut off from a further entrance to the outside of the piston would pass through b to the inside ofthe piston and move the line of contact E to G and the line of contact E to M, thus completing a fullstroke ot the piston. It will be seen that this motion of the faces of .the piston against the I do not wish to be limited to the exact defaces of the cylinder is nearly a rolling `motion, creating no friction except aslight sliding friction due to the difference in circumference of the faces ofv the piston and cylinder.

The water-piston B partakes of the same motion that is imparted to steam-piston B, making a fullV stroke inthe same time and in the same manner, and the water-chamber 16 being full, it will be evident that the same motion of the water-piston B as described for steam-piston B would force the water toward and outof the discharge-port d. The water in chamber 16 being forced out, there l would be asnction created which would immediately fill the water-chamber through the suction or inlet port d', and the motion being continued there would be an Yalternate and continuous suction and discharge from each side of the piston, making practicallya steady IIO stream from the discharge-port without the use of anair-chamber. As the steam enters the cylinder through the inlet-port and passes on through the inlet-port of the steam-piston, a portion of the steam passes up through the perforation b2 into the space between the top of the steam-piston and the cover and tends to force the piston down on its seat, as mentioned above. At the same time a portion of the water having entered the reservoir passes through the opening a into the space 25, which becomes filled, and the water then passing on up through the opening a in the top of the water-piston tends to press the water-piston down upon its seat in the same manner as the steam-piston is affected bythe steam. The water then finds its way down ive friction. The force of this upward Waterpressure may be regulated b y varying the breadth of the opening of space 24 by increasing or diminishing the size of the ange 29 of partition 21. This construction, While it improves the operation of the machine and de creases the wear of the parts, is not essential to the operation of the machine, and may be omitted, if desired. It is difficult to explain this motion so as to make it plain to one who is not thoroughly conversant with the working ofthe machine; but as I have pumps in Operation which are daily performing this work and doing it satisfactorily there can be no doubt butthat it Works. I have created suction with one of these pumps at a depth of thirty feet Without priming, and my tests have developed a saving in running expenses of thirty per cent. over other first-class pumps.

I do not herein claim the separable piston B and B and adju nctive connections, the same being part of the subject-matter of my application, Serial No. 291,416, tiled November 20, 1888.

In my application, Serial No. 291,416, filed November 20, 1888, I show a pump similar in many respects to that herein described, and in such application claims are made to the constructions and combinations whereby the pistons are balanced.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. A steam-pump consisting, essentially, of a casing having two concentric chambers each divided by a radial partition,`and each provided with inlet and outlet ports, and a piston consisting of a disk of greater diameter than the largest chamber, said disk having two concentric flanges extending into the chambers of the casing, as described, the disk extending over the outer and inner Walls of the steam and Water chamber in all positions of the piston, the parts combined and operating substantially as described.

2. A steam-pump consisting, essentially, of

a casing having two concentric chambers divided as'described, said chambers separated by a non-conducting space, and having separate inlet and exhaust ports, and a piston consisting of a disk of greater diameter than the widest chamber, said disk having concentric ilanges extending into each chamber in the casing, all combined substantially as described.

3. In a steam-pump, a cylinder containing concentric steam and water chambers formed by vertical concentric partitions inclosing spaces 24 and 25, ports for the ingress and egress oit' steam and Water, and an orifice connecting the space 25 with the water-reservoir, substantially as described.

4. A steam-pump consisting of the casing having two concentric annular chambers divided as described and having separate inlet and exhaust ports, and a piston havingadisk of greater diameter than the largest chamber and extending over the walls thereof in all posit-ions of the piston, and having concentric annular flanges extending into the steam and Water spaces, as described, said piston having a passage by which steam is admitted bctween the outer face of the disk and the casing to balance the pressure, all in combination, substantially as described.

5. In a steam-pump, the combination of` a casing having concentric annular steam and Water chambers divided by partitions and provided with inlet and outlet ports, as described, and a piston having a disk of greater diameter than the largest chamber extending over the Walls thereof in all positions of the piston, said disk having concentric flanges extending into the chambers of the casing, but in eccentric relation thereto, the flange in the steam chamber having passages b" c' for steam in proximity to the steam-ports in the chamber, all substantially as described.

EDWARD CRAWFORD JOHNSON.' lVitnesses:

SUMNER W. FIFIELD, JOHN C. HAMBLIN. 

